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O laboratório humano que descobriu o DNA da comunicação • Escola de Chicago
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May 25, 2025
A Escola de Chicago foi um grupo de pensadores dos EUA que começou a estudar como a vida urbana, a mídia e as relações sociais se transformavam com o crescimento das cidades. Assim, foi pioneira nos estudos de comunicação de massa, com foco em sociologia, interações sociais e etnografia. Defende que não se entende a sociedade sem entender as interações sociais; e que a mídia é parte central dessas relações – razão de sua relevância para as Teorias da Comunicação. 👉 POST COMPLETO NO BLOG: https://aquitemcomunicacao.com/ytb-atc/escola-de-chicago 💜 NEWSLETTER SOBRE COMUNICAÇÃO: https://aquitemcomunicacao.com/newsletter ✅ MINHA CÂMERA, MICROFONE E OUTROS EQUIPAMENTOS: https://amzn.to/47IhKqb ✳️ LIVROS SOBRE TEORIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO: https://amzn.to/4d8Aen9 __________ 📺 ASSISTA TAMBÉM ► Playlist Teorias da Comunicação: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaKsFg9AIvPqneZ1RMyH3JgzWmsrgUZil __________ ⏱️ VÁ DIRETO AO PONTO! 00:00 O laboratório humano da Escola de Chicago 04:45 Principais conceitos (Interacionismo Simbólico, Gesto Significante e Ato Social) 09:56 Impacto nas Teorias da Comunicação
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Over 100 years ago, an entire city became a human laboratory of the kind that helps us understand that the DNA of communication is made up of our interactions, our conversations and our behaviors
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Big cities are full of busy streets, with all kinds of people coming and going, fighting over cultural differences
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All of these things can be observed to understand how people interact, how they get information
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and how they build and maintain society. This already happened back in the early 20th century, when a group of sociologists from
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the University of Chicago used the city as a social laboratory. Chicago was one of the first industrialized cities in the world, a growth that no one
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had ever seen anywhere else. And this inspired scholars to study how urban life, the media and social relations changed
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along with the growth of the city. And even without knowing it, these sociologists created the foundations for what would later
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become the communication theories that we know today. That's why I came here to tell you the details of the Chicago School, which was founded in
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1892 and, through ups and downs, became considered very important. It wasn't long ago that they recognized the value of those first concepts for yzing
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the means of communication in the media as a whole, as well as other subjects, such as
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crime, architecture, and even economics. But I'm going to explain the concepts that are most interesting to you
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That's why you're here in this video. In essence, the Chicago School presented its work within three pillars
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One is social interaction, two are human ecology, and three is communication as a tool for integration
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These three things define how we behave in society and how we build cities based on our behaviors
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First, because we are nothing without interaction. We are always talking, interacting with each other
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And these interactions define our behavior. Second, because in human ecology, the city is seen as a living organism, with areas that complement and support each other as if it were our body
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We can't live without our organs working together. And cities serve as a laboratory to observe this human ecology that was detailed in the work of journalist Robert Park together with Ernest Byrds
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This ecology sees the city not just as a bunch of people, a bunch of buildings, but as a living thing, an organized thing, as if it were an institution itself
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And in this view the organization of neighborhoods the behaviors that are accepted or not people moving around every day each in their own way all of this shows the positive and
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negative aspects of human nature. Park also argued that sociologists were a kind of super
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reporter, because they know how to understand and also communicate the realities of life
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in other words human ecology shows how we adapt to society how we choose participate
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in specific groups and also shows how the environment can influence crime
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that is why the chicago school is also often cited in criminology studies
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because human interaction is in literally everything i will not talk about criminology here if this video will never end but i will leave a link in
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the description below with a very complete text about the school. You can read it if you're studying
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And the third pillar is communication as a tool for integration, because we come together
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we learn things and exchange experiences using communication. This also includes the importance of the media, which help to form public opinion and consequently
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keep us informed, integrated and united around everything that's happening around us
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And within these three pillars, there are three very strong concepts from the Chicago School
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which are symbolic interactionism, the significant gesture and the social act, which has three axes. The mind, the self and society
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My god, it's all three. It's good that this way you remember it more easily if you're studying for
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a test, right? But what are these concepts? The names don't help much, I know. So I'll
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explain it in a more summarized, sexier way. Symbolic interactionism deserves a video just for it
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So I'll just say that it's a way of understanding how we function in society
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The idea is that everything we do depends on the meaning we give to things
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chairs, people, ideas, situations. It was Ebert Bloomer who coined the term
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symbolic interactionism and he also invented the concept of mass to describe crowds
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But the basis came from Professor George Herbert Med. Symbolic interactionism defends three fundamental principles
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Look at three again. I swear it's not on purpose, okay? Meaning rules everything
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A chair is not a piece of wood, it is rest, work or even a work of art, depending on where
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it is. We learn meanings from each other. No one teaches you what a chair is
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You understand what it is just by watching others use it, sit on it, arrange it in certain places
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Interpretation is everything. In an art exhibition for example you know that you can sit on the chair that is on display which is part of the art but you can sit on a bench in the hallway there To sum up we live on shared symbols and these symbols are updated all the time in interactions
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I'm going to record another video with more details, so for now, let's move on here
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The second concept of the Chicago school is the significant gesture, which is an action or a sign that has a shared meaning between people and enables nonverbal
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communication. In other words, the significant gesture is not a physical movement of hands and
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bodies, it is not just that. It also serves to express intentions, to generate responses with a
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silent language that everyone understands. For example, shaking hands is not just touching the
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other person. It can be a greeting or it can be a demonstration of agreement. When you close a deal
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you always shake the other person's hands, right? Nodding your head up and down? You can say yes
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And even a red traffic light is a gesture, because the light is not just a color
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it is an order to stop and everyone there understands it. This concept of significant gesture was also defined by George Med
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who was Bloomer's teacher, remember? And it indicates what the receiver should do
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shows what the intention is of the person who made the gesture and defines a joint action that should result from the initial gesture
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Sorry, now I'm getting confused with these threes everywhere, but let's go
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The third concept talks about mind, self and society, which are the three axes of the social act, also defined by mind
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Mind, self and society cannot exist without each other. That is why they are interdependent and are also shaped by our interactions
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May wrote an entire book to talk about this. Mind is our ability to think using symbols
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These symbols can be anything, they can be words, they can be gestures
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And we understand all of this by living with other people and also through our internal
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dialogues, which may cause self-indication. When you talk to yourself, self is who we think we are, it is our identity
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The self only exists because we see ourselves through the eyes of others, that is, we build
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our identity through what we learn by observing. No child who imitates the adults they know
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for example, playing at being a teacher, has built their behavior based on what they have
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seen before, in their teacher or someone else's. And society is where our interactions take place
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it is the stage where we communicate, where we exchange symbols and meanings
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A red light for example only works because everyone in that place knows that it means stop In other words our self is a reflection of social relationships that depend on communication that takes place in the mind and that only exists thanks to society
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But it's not just these people that I mentioned, no. There are many other important works that are the roots of this view of cities as a living organism
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which define who we are and how we behave in society. If you want to go deeper into this subject, research the work of these people here and
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go to their blog, which has a complete post for you with the details. The link is in the video description below
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And how did all this end up in communication theories? The Chicago School is super important for communication studies today
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but in a somewhat contradictory way. First, the good side is that these people were truly pioneers
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They showed that the media is not an isolated business. It is part of a very large system that has schools, churches, governments, and many other
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things together. In other words, they were the first to show how communication shapes how we live in society
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But here comes the first paradox. They followed qualitative methodologies using interviews, observation and interpretation of the information they collected in the field
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But in the 1940s, quantitative research became fashionable with statistical numbers, highly controlled experiments and lots of rules
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then the chicago school was kind of forgotten because people wanted objective results
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full of graphs but the ideas didn't die and came back with a vengeance later
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in the second world war for example they helped us understand how propaganda worked
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and a few decades later in the 1960s a guy named james carey rediscovered the chicago
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School to show that communication is not just for transmitting information, but is a ritual
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that creates culture. In short, the history of the Chicago School is a roller coaster
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It was innovative, then it was criticized and now its ideas continue to inspire many people
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I believe I have told everything that could be told in a single video
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I would even like to talk a little more about the full story, who founded it, how it was
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but it won't fit here. If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below
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And of course, take the opportunity to check out the other videos in the series here on the channel
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where I explain schools, traditions and theories of communication. The link is here and in the
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video description below. Go and study. Thank you very much for watching this far
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Thank you
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